
Frequently Asked Questions
Common Concrete Problems
- Problem: Dirty or stained concrete
Solution: Splotches or stains on concrete surfaces can usually be
removed by a professional power washer. Sealing the surface against
spills can prevent this.
- Problem: Cracked or chipped concrete
Solution: Often fissure openings in the surface or small pieces
breaking away are signs of future problems. Take these tiny signals
seriously and have a contractor check out the problems and make
repairs.
- Problem: Concrete edge is cracked or broken
Solution: Unfortunately, any hard surface can chip or break away at
the edges. Commonly caused by impact or erosion, cracks can be fixed
if the problem is small.
- Problem: Flaking concrete
Solution: If you see the surface breaking away, this may signal that
the concrete mixture may be flawed. Concrete's unique blend of
elements gives it strength and durability. Flaking is not a common
characteristic.
Flaking can also be a sign that the concrete was poured during cold
weather. A strong freeze will cause the new surface to become
brittle and can make the surface prone to flaking. Some surfaces can
be repaired by a professional, however, if damage is deeper, the pad
will need replacing.
- Problem: Settling
Solution: Settling is a common cause of damage as soils shift up and
down over time. Concrete is designed for strength, but not
necessarily for extreme flexibility. Small shifts are okay, but
larger shifts will damage concrete. Settling is often a serious and
expensive problem. In most cases, repair is not an option.
Concrete Surfaces and Uses
There are several different types of concrete surfaces and which
type you install depends on the area it will be installed. Here are
where the most common types of concrete are typically used.
- Garage or basement
Garage or basement concrete surfaces work well in garages and
basements because they are structural floorings and can take heavy
use with little maintenance. Cleaning concrete is also easier than
other, more-delicate flooring.
- Driveway and parking areas
Most driveway or parking areas are either concrete or asphalt. Brick
or stone masonry is an expensive alternative. These areas need to
handle heavy use and be easy to maintain. With concrete, you will
need to finish the surface with a "brush-textured finish," a rougher
surface that helps with traction.
- Exterior walkways
Concrete or stone masonry are popular options for exterior walkways.
Stone masonry will be more decorative, however, concrete will be
less expensive and requires less maintenance. A concrete walkway
should also have a "brush-textured finish."
- Patios
Like walkways, concrete or stone masonry are popular options for a
patio. Concrete will be less expensive and quicker to custom make
and should have a "brush-textured finish" like all exterior concrete
surfaces.
- Detached garages, sheds and porches
Detached garages, sheds and porches need a concrete base flooring
for support and structure.
- Steps
Concrete steps are commonly installed at the same time as concrete
walkways, patios and porches and the same factors should be
considered.
Concrete Installation
- Site preparation
Concrete is often one of the very base foundations of any structure. However, good site preparation, including proper excavation and grading, is necessary to insure a good foundation.
- Concrete form work
Concrete can either be flat or shaped into three-dimensional objects. If you need steps, curbs or other form work, discuss your options with your contractor.
- Rebar installation
In some cases it is necessary to install steel rebar within the concrete, as this makes the concrete structure stronger.
- Removing old concrete
Removing concrete or paving material is difficult work. Often it's best to leave this to a contractor, who will have proper equipment and training to handle the removal.
Concrete Finishes
- Concrete surfaces come in three different finishes. The most common for interiors has a smooth finish created by running a flat trowel over the top. This can be quite smooth, almost like glass.
- Smooth surfaces don't work well outside. A little water can turn a smooth concrete surface into a slip hazard. Contractors should texture exterior surfaces with a brush-textured finish, a rougher surface that wicks away water and provides traction.
- Exposed aggregate finish is a rougher finish and less common. The gravel that makes up the concrete is exposed to the surface and good for traction.
Concrete Color Additives
- Concrete can come in a wide variety of colors created by adding dyes to the liquid mixture.
- Fixing damage to colored concrete is tricky. Getting the right blend of colors is not an exact science. Don't expect a repair person to create the perfect match.
- If a perfect match is critical, consider removing and replacing the area with new concrete.